英语音素分类表48个的格式（English Phoneme Classification Table）

English Phoneme Classification Table

Consonants:

Plosives

Plosives are consonant sounds produced by blocking the airflow in the vocal tract and then suddenly releasing it. They are categorized into three based on their place of articulation:

1. Bilabial plosives (p, b)
2. Alveolar plosives (t, d)
3. Velar plosives (k, g)

Fricatives

Fricatives are consonant sounds produced by partially blocking the airflow in the vocal tract to create turbulence. They are divided into two based on their place of articulation:

1. Dental fricatives (θ, ð)
2. Labial-velar fricatives (f, v, s, z, h)

Affricates

Affricates are consonant sounds that start like plosives but end with fricatives. They are categorized based on their place of articulation:

1. Alveolar affricates (tʃ, dʒ)
2. Palatal affricates (ʧ, ʤ)

Nasals

Nasals are consonant sounds produced by lowering the velum to allow air to pass through the nose while blocking the oral cavity. Only three phonemes belong to this group:

1. Bilabial nasal (m)
2. Alveolar nasal (n)
3. Velar nasal (ŋ)

Liquids

Liquids are consonant sounds produced by allowing the air to flow around the sides of the tongue. There are two phonemes in this group:

1. Alveolar lateral liquid (l)
2. Alveolar and velar/non-syllabic liquid (r)

Glides

Glides are consonant sounds produced by transitioning from a slightly constricted vocal tract to a more open one. There are two phonemes in this group:

1. Bilabial glide (w)
2. Palatal glide (j)

Vowels:

Monophthongs

Monophthongs are vowel sounds that have a single, unchanging sound quality. They are grouped based on their tongue position:

1. Front vowels (i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ)
2. Central vowels (ʌ, ə)
3. Back vowels (u, ʊ, o, ɔ, a, ɑ)

Diphthongs

Diphthongs are vowel sounds that start at one articulation position and move towards another. They are classified based on their first vowel sound:

1. Starting with /ɪ/ (ɪə)
2. Starting with /e/ (eɪ)
3. Starting with /ʊ/ (ʊə)
4. Starting with /ə/ (əʊ)
5. Starting with /a/ (aɪ)
6. Starting with /ɔ/ (ɔɪ)

R-controlled Vowels

R-controlled vowels are vowel sounds that are affected by having an /r/ sound after them. There are four types:

1. /ɑr/ (car, bard)
2. /ɔr/ (fort, short)
3. /ɪr/ (bird, skirt)
4. /ʊr/ (curb, burn)

Overall, these 48 phonemes form the basic building blocks for the English language. Understanding how each sound is produced and categorized can help in developing accurate pronunciation and achieving clarity in communication.